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State transfer

Polygon validators continuously monitor a contract on Ethereum chain called StateSender. Each time a registered contract on Ethereum chain calls this contract, it emits an event. Using this event Polygon validators relay the data to another contract on Polygon chain. This State Sync mechanism is used to send data from Ethereum to Polygon.

Additionally, Polygon validators send an Ethereum hash of each transaction on the Polygon chain on a regular basis. You can use this checkpoint to validate any transaction that took place on Polygon. Once a transaction has been verified to have occurred on the Polygon chain, Ethereum can then be used to carry out the appropriate action.

These 2 mechanisms can be used together to enable two-way data (state) transfer between Ethereum and Polygon. To abstract out all these interactions, you can directly inherit our FxBaseRootTunnel (on Ethereum) and FxBaseChildTunnel (on Polygon) contracts.

Root Tunnel Contract

Use the FxBaseRootTunnel contract from here. This contract gives access to the following functions:

  • function _processMessageFromChild(bytes memory data): This is a virtual function that needs to be implemented in the contract which inherits it to handle data being sent from ChildTunnel.
  • _sendMessageToChild(bytes memory message): This function can be called internally with any bytes data as a message. This data will be sent as it is to the child tunnel.
  • receiveMessage(bytes memory inputData): This function needs to be called to receive the message emitted by ChildTunnel. The proof of transaction needs to be provided as calldata. An example script to generate proof using matic.js is included below.

Child Tunnel Contract

Use the FxBaseChildTunnel contract from here. This contract gives access to following functions:

  • function _processMessageFromRoot(uint256 stateId, address sender, bytes memory data): This is a virtual function that needs to implement the logic to handle messages sent from the RootTunnel.
  • function _sendMessageToRoot(bytes memory message): This function can be called internally to send any bytes message to the root tunnel.

Prerequisites

  • You need to inherit FxBaseRootTunnel contract in your root contract on Ethereum. As an example, you can follow this contract . Similarly, inherit FxBaseChildTunnel contract in your child on Polygon. Follow this contract as an example.
  • While deploying your root contract on

  • Goerli Testnet, pass the address of _checkpointManager as 0x2890bA17EfE978480615e330ecB65333b880928e and _fxRoot as 0x3d1d3E34f7fB6D26245E6640E1c50710eFFf15bA.

  • Ethereum Mainnet, _checkpointManager is 0x86e4dc95c7fbdbf52e33d563bbdb00823894c287 and _fxRoot is 0xfe5e5D361b2ad62c541bAb87C45a0B9B018389a2.

  • For deploying the child contract on Mumbai testnet, pass 0xCf73231F28B7331BBe3124B907840A94851f9f11 as _fxChild in constructor. For Polygon mainnet, _fxChild will be 0x8397259c983751DAf40400790063935a11afa28a.
  • Call setFxChildTunnel on deployed root tunnel with the address of child tunnel. Example: 0x79cd30ace561a226258918b56ce098a08ce0c70707a80bba91197f127a48b5c2
  • Call setFxRootTunnel on deployed child tunnel with address of root tunnel. Example: 0xffd0cda35a8c3fd6d8c1c04cd79a27b7e5e00cfc2ffc4b864d2b45a8bb7e98b8

Example Contracts of State Transfer Bridge

State Transfer from Ethereum → Polygon

  • You need to call _sendMessageToChild() internally in your root contract and pass the data as an argument to be sent to Polygon. Example: 0x28705fcae757a0c88694bd167cb94a2696a0bc9a645eb4ae20cff960537644c1
  • In your child contract, implement _processMessageFromRoot() virtual function in FxBaseChildTunnel to retrieve data from Ethereum. The data will be received automatically from the state receiver when the state is synced.

State Transfer from Polygon → Ethereum

  1. Call _sendMessageToRoot() internally in your child contract with data as a parameter to be sent to Ethereum. Example: 0x3cc9f7e675bb4f6af87ee99947bf24c38cbffa0b933d8c981644a2f2b550e66a

Note the transaction hash as it will be used to generate proof after it has been included as a checkpoint.

  1. Proof Generation to complete the exit on root chain: Generate the proof using the tx hash and MESSAGE_SENT_EVENT_SIG. To generate the proof, you can either use the proof generation API hosted by Polygon or you can also spin up your own proof generation API by following the instructions here.

The proof generation endpoint hosted by Polygon is available here.

- `burnTxHash` is the transaction hash of the `_sendMessageToRoot()` transaction you initiated on Polygon.
- `eventSignature` is the event signature of the event emitted by the `_sendMessageToRoot()` function. The event signature for the MESSAGE_SENT_EVENT_SIG is `0x8c5261668696ce22758910d05bab8f186d6eb247ceac2af2e82c7dc17669b036`.

The proof generation API usage examples for the Mainnet and Testnet are as follows:-

→ Mumbai Testnet Proof generation

→ Polygon Mainnet Proof generation

  1. Implement _processMessageFromChild() in your root contract.

  2. Use the generated proof as an input to receiveMessage() to retrieve data sent from child tunnel into your contract. Example: 0x436dcd500659bea715a09d9257295ddc21290769daeea7f0b666166ef75e3515 )

Last update: January 17, 2024
Authors: avenbreaks